A | 当地时间1月16日下午，美国加利福尼亚州莫斯兰丁（Moss Landing）储能电厂发生火灾，导致约2000人被疏散，加州北部的1号公路部分关闭。
B | Exxon Mobil is buying Pioneer Natural Resources in an all-stock deal valued at $59.5 billion, its largest buyout since acquiring Mobil two decades ago, creating a colossal fracking operator in West Texas. Including debt, Exxon is committing about $64.5 billion to the acquisition, leaving no doubt of the Texas energy company's commitment to fossil fuels as energy prices surge. Pioneer shareholders will receive 2.32 shares of Exxon for each Pioneer share they own.“I think fossil fuels, as the world looks to transition and find lower sources of affordable energy with lower emissions, fossil fuels oil and gas are going to continue to play a role over time,” Exxon Mobil CEO Darren Woods said during an interview with CNBC. “ That may diminish with time. The rate of that is, I think, not very clear at this stage. But it will be around for a long time.” Woods explained that Exxon and Pioneer will be able to use their combined capabilities to drive down emissions and produce lower carbon intensity oil and gas. Exxon purchased XTO Energy in 2009 for approximately $36 billion. In the late 1990s, the merger between Exxon and Mobil was valued around $80 billion.The deal with Pioneer Natural vastly expands Exxon's presence in the Permian basin, a massive oilfield that straddles the border between Texas and New Mexico. Drilling the Permian accounted for 18% of all U.S. natural gas production last year, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration.Pioneer's more than 850,000 net acres in the Midland Basin will be combined with Exxon’s 570,000 net acres in the Delaware and Midland Basin, nearly contiguous fields that will allow the combined company to trim costs. That is a big driver of the deal. Natural gas rigs in operation have declined over 26% in the U.S. since the start of the year, according to government data, largely due to the rising costs for drilling materials and labor over the past two years. “Their tier-one acreage is highly contiguous, allowing for greater opportunities to deploy our technologies, delivering operating and capital efficiency as well as significantly increasing production,” Woods said of Pioneer in a prepared statement. The company will have an estimated 16 billion barrels of oil equivalent in the Permian.Once the deal closes, Exxon Permian production volume will more than double to 1.3 million barrels of oil equivalent per day, based on 2023 volumes. It's expected to climb to about 2 million barrels of oil equivalent per day in 2027. “The combination of ExxonMobil and Pioneer creates a diversified energy company with the largest footprint of high-return wells in the Permian Basin,” Pioneer CEO Scott Sheffield said in a prepared statement. Citi's Alastair Syme wrote that the transaction could provide multiple benefits to Exxon. “Across the industry, the logic of consolidation in the highly fragmented Permian shale remains compelling with significant gains to be achieved from economies of scale by minimizing facilities spend, optimizing drilling and reducing" general spending, Syme wrote. Exxon is flush with cash. The company posted unprecedented profits last year of $55.7 billion, breezing past its previous record of $45.22 billion in 2008 when oil prices hit record highs.Exxon Mobil Corp. has been using some of that cash on acquisitions. In July the company announced that it was buying pipeline operator Denbury in an all-stock deal valued at $4.9 billion.Pioneer Natural has been making similar maneuvers. In 2020 the company said it was buying Parsley Energy in an all-stock deal valued at approximately $4.5 billion. It then purchased DoublePoint Energy in a cash-and-stock deal worth about $6.4 billion in 2021.The boards of both companies have approved the transaction, which is expected to close in the first half of next year. It still needs approval from Pioneer shareholders. Shares of Exxon fell more than 4% in Wednesday morning trading.。该电厂位于旧金山以南约124公里处，储存的锂电池用于储存太阳能等可再生能源产生的电能。
C | 此次起火的设施属于Vistra Energy的一个电池储能项目，这也是全球最大的储能电厂之一，拥有数万块储能电池。
D | Vistra Energy是一家综合零售电力和发电公司，为美国21个州的400万住宅、商业和工业零售客户提供服务。
E | 此次火灾于1月16日下午3时开始，火势猛烈，浓烟滚滚。据蒙特雷县发言人称，截至1月17日凌晨，火势已得到一定程度的控制，并未蔓延到电厂以外。目前，火灾原因正在调查中，Vistra Energy在一份声明中表示，在发现火灾后，现场所有人都已安全撤离。起火设施附近另有一个由PG&E公司独立运营的Elkhorn储能项目，该项目采用特斯拉的256个Megapack电池单元，但特斯拉的电池或设施并未起火。
F | 对于外界盛传的特斯拉电池引发火灾，特斯拉CEO埃隆·马斯克通过社交媒体紧急辟谣称，“特斯拉与此次事故无关，所有Megapack设备运行良好”。
G | 不过外界之所以怀疑Megapack，是因为2022年9月，莫斯兰丁的PG&E Elkhorn储能项目曾发生火灾，导致1号公路关闭达12小时。后续调查发现，此次事故是由该项目中256个Megapack单元里的一个通风口防护罩安装不当引发的，雨水渗入电池后造成了故障。外媒分析，此次火灾再次引发了对储能设施安全性的关注，尤其是在干燥气候条件下，储能设施的火灾风险需要进一步评估和管理。澎湃新闻记者 贺梨萍(本文来自澎湃新闻，更多原创资讯请下载“澎湃新闻”APP)。
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